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Section 14 Group 4 (J. Price)


 * Shaker Name: Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi a swiss educational reformer was born in Zurich in 1746.**


 * Basic Work:** In [|1801] Pestalozzi gave an exposition of his ideas on education in the book //How Gertrude teaches her Children//. His method is to proceed from the easier to the more difficult. To begin with observation, to pass from observation to consciousness, from consciousness to speech. Then come measuring, drawing, writing, numbers, and so reckoning. In 1799 he was able to establish a school at [|Burgdorf], where he remained till [|1804].In [|1805] he removed to [|Yverdon] on the [|Lake Neuchâtel], and for twenty years worked steadily at his task.(from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Pestalozzi)


 * Key Work: Pestalozzi was a humanitarian and believed all children deserved a good education. His earliest educational efforts began when he was a caretaker of orfaned children after the french invasion of switzerland in 1798. His educational pedeology in instruction of reading, writing, artithmatic and manual skills based on observation of form. This observation of form was then to be connected to the teaching of language and number. He belived that instruction should match the childs readiness to learn and should be sequenced from simple to complex skills. His approaches to teaching drawing have been a great infuence in the traditional observational drawing methods taught in todays classrooms.His was very influencial to his peers and many teachers adapted his pedeology. His infuence can be seen in america through the teachings of Friedrich Frobel (1782-1852), whom developed kindergartens. This happened with the efforts of Elizabeth Peabody, whom opened the first english speaking kindergarten in Boston in 1860.**


 * Key Personnel:

Freidrich Frobel :Educational Reformer infuenced by Pestalozzi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_August_Froebel Elizabeth Peabody -influenced by Frobel's methods and openend 1st english speaking kindergarten in boston 1860 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Peabody**


 * Why/How a shaker? Pestalozzi was one of the first people to teach children according to the way they developed, he had an understanding of children and was one of the first advocates of education for all children, rich or poor. His methods have influenced many and can be seen in all schools today, the foremost being his teachings to Frobel who developed the kindergarten. His observational drawing methods have been a huge infuence in art education.**


 * Links:**